Article published in:
Portuguese-Spanish Interfaces: Diachrony, synchrony, and contact
Edited by Patrícia Amaral and Ana Maria Carvalho
[Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 1] 2014
► pp. 203–236

On clitic attachment in Ibero-Romance

Evidence from Portuguese and Spanish

| University of Coimbra
Within inflectional studies on cliticisation, it has been convincingly argued that clitics may either attach to a morphological host or a phrasal host (Klavans, 1980; Miller, 1992; Halpern, 1995; Spencer, 2001). In this chapter, it is claimed that the distinction between morphological and phrasal attachment of clitics plays a crucial role in accounting for the distributional and scopal differences between Spanish and Portuguese clitic pronouns. Although clitic pronouns in both Ibero-Romance varieties share a number of inflectional properties, evidence also shows that they differ with respect to their attachment patterns. In particular, while Spanish clitic pronouns attach morphologically to the verb (both in preverbal and postverbal position), Portuguese clitics are split between morphological and phrasal attachment: postverbal clitics attach to a morphological host while preverbal clitics select a phrasal host. The attachment patterns of Portuguese and Spanish clitic pronouns will be captured within Paradigm-Function Morphology (Stump, 2001), by formulating realisation rules, which generate clitics as pronominal affixes, and separate attachment rules, which position affixal clitics within the relevant grammatical domain (Luís & Spencer, 2005a, 2012; Luís, 2009).
Published online: 30 October 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.1.11lui
References

References

Anderson, S.R.
(1992) A-morphous morphology. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(1996) How to put your clitics in their place. The Linguistic Review, 13, 165–191. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2005) Aspects of the theory of clitics. Oxford: OUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Abeillé, A.
(2003) A lexicalist and construction-based approach to coordinations. In S. Müller (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th Conference on HPSG (pp. 5-25). CSLI On-line Publications: http://​www​.stanford​.edu​/group​/cslipublications​/cslipublications​/HPSG​/2003/Google Scholar
Abeillé, A., Bonami, O., Godard, D., & Tseng, J.
(2006) The syntax of French à and de: An HPSG analysis. In P. Saint-Dizier (Ed.), Syntax and semantics of prepositions (pp. 147–162). Dordrecht: Springer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Auger, J.
(1994) Pronominal clitics in Québec colloquial French: A morphological analysis. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Philadelphia, PA.Google Scholar
Baerman, M., Brown, D., & Corbett, G.G.
(2005) The syntax–morphology interface: A study of syncretism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bermúdez-Otero, R., & Payne, J.
(2011) There are no clitics. In A. Galani, G. Hicks, & G. Tsoulas (Eds.), Morphology and its interfaces (pp. 57–96). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bonami, O., & Stump, G.
(To appear) Paradigm-function morphology. In A. Spencer (Ed.), The handbook of morphology. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Bonet, E.
(1991) Morphology after syntax: Pronominal clitics in Romance. Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.Google Scholar
Nordlinger, R., & Bresnan, J.
(2011) Lexical-functional grammar: Interactions between morphology and syntax. In R. Borsley & K. Börjars (Eds.), Non-transformational syntax: Formal and explicit models of grammar (pp. 112–140). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Bresnan, J.
(2000) Lexical-functional syntax. Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Cardinaletti, A., & Starke, M.
(1999). The typology of structural deficiency: A case study of the three classes of pronouns. In H. van Riemsdijk (Ed.), Clitics in the Languages of Europe (pp. 145–233). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Crysmann, B.
(2002) Constraint-based coanalysis. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Universität des Saarlandes and DFKI Gmbh.Google Scholar
Crysmann B.
(2012) On the categorial status of Hausa genitive prepositions. In B. Connell & N. Rolle (Eds.), Selected Proceedings of the 41st Annual Conference on African Linguistics (pp. 147–162). Somerville, MA: Cascadilla Press.Google Scholar
Crysmann, B., & Bonami, O.
(2012). Establishing order in type-based realisational morphology. In S. Müller (Ed.), The Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (pp. 269–287). Stanford, CA: CSLI.Google Scholar
Di Sciullo, A.M., & Williams, E.
(1987) On the definition of word. Cambridge,MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Fernández Soriano, O.
(Ed.) (1993) Los pronombres átonos. Madrid: Taurus.Google Scholar
Fontana, J.M.
(1993) Phrase structure and the syntax of clitics in the history of Spanish. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Gerlach, B.
(2001) Clitics between syntax and lexicon. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf.Google Scholar
Grimshaw, J.
(1982) On the lexical representation of Romance reflexive clitics. In J. Bresnan (Ed.), The mental representation of grammatical relations (pp. 87–148). Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Halpern, A.
(1995) On the placement and morphology of clitics. Stanford, CA: CSLI.Google Scholar
(1998) Clitics. In A. Spencer & A.M. Zwicky (Eds.), The handbook of morphology (pp. 101–122). Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Harris, A.C.
(2002) Endoclitics and the origins of Udi morphosyntax. Oxford: OUP.Google Scholar
Heap, D.
(2012) Ten years of the online ALPI (Atlas Lingüístico de la Península Ibérica). Dialectologia, 3, 43–56.Google Scholar
Heap, D., Mastromonaco, S., Nadasdi, T., & Bessler, P.
(1993) If a template fits...: Case studies in morphological cliticization. Toronto Working Papers in Linguistics, 12(1), 109–123.Google Scholar
Kayne, R.
(1975) French syntax: The transformational cycle. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.Google Scholar
Klavans, J.
(1980) Some problems in a theory of clitics. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Linguistics Club.Google Scholar
Lapointe, S.
(1980) A theory of grammatical agreement. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA.Google Scholar
Legendre, G.
(2001) Positioning Romanian verbal clitics at PF: An optimality-theoretic analysis. In B. Gerlach & J. Grijzenhout (Eds.), Clitics in phonology, morphology, and syntax (pp. 219–254). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Luís, A.R.
(2004) Clitics as morphology. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Essex.Google Scholar
(2009) Phrasal affixes and mixed clitic systems. In P. Epps & A. Arkhipov (Eds.), New Challenges in Typology (pp. 11–34). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.Google Scholar
Luís, A.R., & Spencer, A.
(2005a) A paradigm function account of ‘mesoclisis’ in European Portuguese. In G. Booij & J. van Marle (Eds.) Yearbook of Morphology 2004 (pp. 177–228). Dordrecht: Kluwer. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2005b) Udi clitics: A generalized paradigm function morphology approach. In R. Otoguro, G. Popova, & A. Spencer (Eds.), Essex Research Reports in Linguistics 48 (pp. 35–47). Colchester: University of Essex.Google Scholar
Luís, A.R., & Sadler, L.
(2003) Object clitic and marked morphology. In C. Beyssade, O. Bonami, P. Hofherr, & F. Corblin (Eds.), Empirical issues in formal syntax and semantics 4 (pp. 133–153). Paris: Presses de l’Université de Paris-Sorbonne.Google Scholar
Luís, A.R., & Otoguro, R.
(2011) Inflectional morphology and syntax in correspondence: Evidence from European Portuguese. In A. Galani, G. Tsoulas, & G. Hicks (Eds.), Morphology and its interfaces (pp. 97–136). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Martins, A.M.
(1994) Clíticos na história do Português. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Lisbon.Google Scholar
Matthews, P.H.
(1972) Inflectional morphology: A theoretical study based on aspects of Latin verb conjugation. Cambridge: CUP.Google Scholar
(1991) Morphology. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Miller, P.
(1992) Clitics and constituents in phrase structure grammar. New York, NY: Garland.Google Scholar
Miller, P., & Sag, I.
(1997) French clitic movement without clitics or movement. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory, 15(3), 573–639. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Miller, P., Monachesi, P., & Miller, P.
(2003) Les pronoms clitiques dans les langues romanes. In D. Godard (Ed.), Les langues romanes: Problèmes de la phrase simple (pp. 67–123). Paris: CNRS Editions.Google Scholar
Monachesi, P.
(1999) A lexical approach to Italian cliticization. Stanford, CA: CSLI.Google Scholar
Noyer, R.
(1994) Mobile affixes in Huave: Optimality and morphological wellformedness. In E. Duncan, D. Farkas, & P. Spaelti (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twelfth West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics (pp. 67–82). Stanford: CSLI.Google Scholar
Perlmutter, D.
(1970) Surface structure constraints in syntax. Linguistic Inquiry, 1, 187–255.Google Scholar
Samvelian, P., & Tseng, J.
(2010) Persian object clitics and the syntax-morphology interface. In 17th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (pp. 212–232).Google Scholar
Simpson, J., & Withgott, M.
(1986) Pronominal clitic clusters and templates. In H. Borer (Ed.), Syntax and semantics 19: The syntax of pronominal clitics (pp. 149–179). New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Spencer, A.
(1992). Morphological theory. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.Google Scholar
(2001) Verbal clitics in Bulgarian: A paradigm-function approach. In B. Gerlach & J. Grijzenhout (Eds.), Clitics in phonology, morphology and syntax (pp. 355–386). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2004) Generalized paradigm function morphology – A synopsis. In A. Galani & B. Sinar (Eds.), York Papers in Linguistics (pp. 93–106). York: University of York.Google Scholar
Spencer, A., & Luís, A.R.
(2012) The canonical clitic. In D. Brown, M. Tchoumakina & G. Corbett (Eds.) Canonical morphology and syntax (pp. 123–150). Oxford: OUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Stump, G.T.
(1980) An inflectional approach to French clitics. Ohio State University Working Papers in Linguistics, 26, 1–54.Google Scholar
(1993) Position classes and morphological theory. In G. Booij & J. van Marle (Eds.), Yearbook of Morphology 1992, 129–180. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
(2001) Inflectional morphology. A theory of paradigm structure. Cambridge: CUP. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zwicky, A.M., & Pullum, G.
(1983) Cliticization vs. inflection: English n’t. Language, 59(3), 502–512. CrossrefGoogle Scholar
Zwicky, A.
(1985) Clitics and Particles. Language, 61(2), 283–305. CrossrefGoogle Scholar