Records of Real People
Linguistic variation in Middle English local documents
This volume shows the tremendous potential of late- and post-medieval English local documents: highly variable in language, often colourful, including developing formulae as well as glimpses of actual recorded speech. The volume contains eleven chapters relating to a new resource, A Corpus of Middle English Local Documents (MELD). The first four chapters outline a theoretical and methodological approach to the study of local documents. The remaining seven present studies of different aspects of the material, including supralocalization, local patterns of spelling and morphology, land terminology, punctuation, formulaicness and multilingualism.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
|
vii–viii
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Note on the cited texts and conventions
|
ix
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Part I. Approaches to Middle English local documents
|
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3–21
|
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23–35
|
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37–67
|
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69–92
|
|
Part II. Text communities and geographical variation
|
|
95–128
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|
129–154
|
|
155–173
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175–202
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Part III. Social and pragmatic variation
|
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205–218
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219–248
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249–277
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References
|
279–296
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List of cited documents
|
297–305
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Index
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307–310
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References
References
List of cited documents
This list provides the archive references and dates for those documents which are cited or referred to in the chapters, except for the subcorpora studied in Chapters 7 and 8, for which separate lists are given at the end of each chapter. A complete catalogue of the MELD documents is available on the MELD website.
MELD code | County | Archive reference | Date |
---|---|---|---|
D0032 | Staffs | Lichfield RO: D 126/5/17 (fols 4r–8r) | 1475–76 |
D0036 | Staffs | Stafford, Staffordshire RO: D 593/B/1/23/2/16 verso | (16a1) |
D0056 | Ches | Chester, Cheshire RO: DLT/A1/16 | 1440 |
D0066 | Wales | London, British Library: Cotton Cleopatra Fiii, fol. 102r | c1407 |
D0067 | Wales | London, British Library: Cotton Cleopatra Fiii, fol. 102v | c1407 |
D0074 | Shrops | Shrewsbury, Shropshire Archives: 5586/2/1/77 | 1465–66 |
D0079 | Ches | Sheffield, Sheffield Archives: Bagshaw Collection 1374 | 1458 |
D0124 | Wales | Aberystwyth, NLW: Coed Coch 804 | 1497 |
D0125 | Wales | Aberystwyth, NLW: Coed Coch 786 | 1445 |
D0150 | Shrops | Shrewsbury, Shropshire Archives: 6000/2291 | 1454 |
D0167 | Wales | Shrewsbury, Shropshire Archives: 3365/2617/11 | 1462 |
D0178 | Ches | Keele UL: L 97 | 1512 |
D0215 | Shrops | Shrewsbury, Shropshire Archives: 6000/1185 | 1512 |
D0257 | Durham | Durham UL, Dean & Chapter muniments: 3.4. Spec. 6.2 | 1450 |
D0269 | Cumb | Durham UL, Dean & Chapter muniments: Locellus 25.19 | 1462 |
D0281 | Oxfords | Durham UL, Dean & Chapter muniments: Locellus 25.80 | nd |
D0321 | Durham | Durham UL, Dean & Chapter muniments: Misc. Charters 2661 | nd |
D0378 | Wml | Carlisle, Cumbria Archive Centre: DWYB/2/55 | nd |
D0406 | Norfolk | Cambridge, King’s College: COL/448 | nd |
D0432 | Leics | Leicester, The RO of Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland: 44’28/383 | 1512 |
D0494 | Devon | Exeter, Devon Heritage Centre: 264A/T72 | 1515 |
D0518 | Suffolk | Huntingdon, Huntingdonshire Archives: DD/M26/2 | 1498 |
D0522 | Norfolk | Cambridge, CUL, Weasenham Hall Muniments: Coke of Weasenham 2684 | 1485 |
D0542 | Sussex | Brighton, East Sussex RO: RAY 3/7/3 | 1475c |
D0554 | Sussex | Woking, Surrey History Centre: LM/COR/1/9 | 1506–25 |
D0599 | Sussex | Chichester, West Sussex RO: CHICITY/AY/112 | 1512 |
D0629 | Somerset | Taunton, Somerset Archives: D/B/bw/390 | 1513 |
D0653 | Norfolk | Cambridge, CUL: Buxton 14/56 | 1503 |
D0744#4 | Herefs | Hereford, Herefordshire Archives: AL19/9, fol. 215 | 1437 |
D0744#5 | Herefs | Hereford, Herefordshire Archives: AL19/9, fols 223v–224r | 1438 |
D0746#1 | Herefs | Hereford, Herefordshire Archives: AL19/12, fol. 25r | 1505 |
D0765 | Gloucs | Bristol, Bristol RO: 40365/D/2/39 | 1451 |
D0836#17 | YER | York, York City Archives: Y/COU/1/4/1, York Memorandum Book vol IV, fol 279b | 1425 |
D0858#12 | Norfolk | Norwich, Norfolk RO: Norwich Corporation Records, Case 17b/9 (k), p. 269 | 1469 |
D0873 | Norfolk | Norwich, Norfolk RO: AYL 145 | 1512 |
D2029 | Notts | Matlock, Derbyshire RO: D156/M/E/2/1 | 1456 |
D2041 | Staffs | Matlock, Derbyshire RO: D5236/8/16 | 1508 |
D2255#1 | Oxfords | Oxford, Oxfordshire History Centre: PAR211/4/F1/1/20 (fol. 11), recto | 1444 |
D2314 | Oxfords | Oxford, Oxfordshire History Centre: PAR213/4/F1/1/10 (fol. 19) | 1502 |
D2316 | Oxfords | Oxford, Oxfordshire History Centre: PAR213/4/F1/1/13 (fol. 25) | 1504 |
D2318 | Oxfords | Oxford, Oxfordshire History Centre: PAR213/4/F1/1/15 (fol. 29) | 1507 |
D2319 | Oxfords | Oxford, Oxfordshire History Centre: PAR213/4/F1/1/16 (fol. 31) | 1508 |
D2328 | Oxfords | Oxford, Oxfordshire History Centre: PAR213/4/F1/1/25 (fol. 49) | 1523 |
D2454 | Suffolk | London, British Library: Harley Charter 56.B.17 | 1426 |
D2459#1 | Worcs | Worcester, Worcester Cathedral Muniments: A.9, p. 48, item 1 | (15b1) |
D2464#3 | Worcs | Worcester, Worcester Cathedral Muniments: B.1653 (sheet 2, item 3) | 1516 |
D2511#1 | Worcs | Worcester, Worcestershire Archives: 496.5/BA9360/C2/Box1/1 (fols 1r–24v) | 1467 |
D2511#3 | Worcs | Worcester, Worcestershire Archives: 496.5/BA9360/C2/Box1/1 (fols 53v–54r) | 1497 |
D2674 | Essex | Chelmsford, Essex RO: D/DBa T3/10 | 1515 |
D2682 | Essex | Chelmsford, Essex RO: D/DK/T229/7 | 1459 |
D2692a | Essex | Chelmsford, Essex RO: D/DL/T1/552 | 1499 |
D2692b | Essex | Chelmsford, Essex RO: D/DL/T1/553 | 1499 |
D2704 | Essex | Chelmsford, Essex RO: D/DU 886/41 | 1477 |
D2710a | Gloucs | Gloucester, Gloucestershire Archives: D326/T158 | 1481 |
D2788#1 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 19v) | 1513 |
D2788#2 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 35v–36r) | 1514 |
D2788#3 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 36r–v) | 1514 |
D2788#4 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 44r) | 1514 |
D2788#5 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 44v) | 1514 |
D2788#6 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 45v) | 1514 |
D2788#7 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 51r) | 1514 |
D2788#8 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 63v) | 1514 |
D2788#9 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 64r) | 1514 |
D2788#10 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 65r) | 1514 |
D2788#11 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 65v) | 1514 |
D2788#12 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 67v) | 1514 |
D2788#13 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 69r) | 1514 |
D2788#14 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 75v) | 1514 |
D2788#15 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 78v–79v) | 1514 |
D2788#16 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 80r–v) | 1514 |
D2788#17 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 85r–86r) | 1514 |
D2788#18 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 92v) | 1514 |
D2788#19 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 97v) | 1515 |
D2788#20 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 102v) | 1515 |
D2788#21 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 105v) | 1515 |
D2788#22 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 107v–108r) | 1515 |
D2788#23 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 113r) | 1515 |
D2788#24 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 121v) | 1515 |
D2788#25 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 126r) | 1515 |
D2788#26 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 134v–135r) | 1515 |
D2788#27 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 136v) | 1515 |
D2788#28 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 143v) | 1515 |
D2788#29 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 145v) | 1515 |
D2788#30 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 147v) | 1515 |
D2788#31 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 149r) | 1515 |
D2788#32 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 180v) | 1516 |
D2788#33 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 190v) | 1516 |
D2788#34 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 195v) | 1516 |
D2788#35 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 198v) | 1516 |
D2788#36 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 205r–206v) | 1516 |
D2788#37 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 207r) | 1516 |
D2788#38 | Kent | Maidstone, Kent History and Library Centre: DRb/Pa6 (fol. 207v) | 1517 |
D2910 | Kent | Canterbury, Canterbury Cathedral Archives: DCc-ChAnt/B/415 | 1486 |
D2968 | Kent | Canterbury, Canterbury Cathedral Archives: CCA-DCc-ChAnt/E/182A | 1520 |
D3008 | Suffolk | Ipswich, Suffolk RO: HD 1538/365/41 | 1455 |
D3014 | Suffolk | Ipswich, Suffolk RO: C/6/7/6 | 1457 |
D3019 | Suffolk | Ipswich, Suffolk RO: HD 1538/202/1/156 | 1506 |
D3027 | Suffolk | Ipswich, Suffolk RO: EE5/6/45 | 1502 |
D3040 | Hamps | Winchester, Hampshire RO: W/D1/277 | 1522 |
D3049#1 | Hamps | Winchester, Hampshire RO: 21M65/A1/15, fol. 27r | 1487–92 |
D3049#2 | Hamps | Winchester, Hampshire RO: 21M65/A1/15, fol. 45v | 1491–1501 |
D3050 | Hamps | Winchester, Hampshire RO: 21M65/A1/16 | (15b2–16a1) |
D3102 | Hamps | Winchester, Hampshire RO: 44M69/D10/5/6 | 1495–96 |
D4142 | Beds | Bedford, Bedfordshire and Luton Archives: TW 464 | 1470 |
D4160#11 | Middx | London, London Metropolitan Archives: MS 645/1, fol. 237r–v | 1515 |
D4169 | Herts | Hertford, Hertfordshire Archives and Local Studies: DP/12/25/4/4 | 1491 |
D4195#3 | Middx | London, London Metropolitan Archives: COL/AD/01/009, fol. 209r-v | 1418 |
D4201#2 | Middx | London, London Metropolitan Archives: CLA/024/01/02/051, membr. 6r | 1421 |
D4223 | Beds | Northampton, Northamptonshire Archives Service: Finch-Hatton FH/B/C/K/545 | 1463–64 |
D4226 | Beds | Northampton, Northamptonshire Archives Service: Stopford Sackville 788 | 1451 |
D4227#20 | Norths | Northampton, Northamptonshire Archives Service: Northampton Borough Records, section IV/1/1, fols. 81v-83r | 1509 |
D4298 | Dorset | Dorchester, Dorset History Centre: PE/WM/CW/1/32 | 1472 |
D4373#3 | Notts | Nottingham, Nottingham University Library: Mi L 3/2 (fols A 5r–8v) | nd |
D4422 | Suffolk | Sheffield, Sheffield Archives: JC/11/23 | 1447 |
D4440#17 | Lincs | Lincoln, Lincolnshire Archives: DIOC/REG/20, fol. 57r–v | 1462 |
D4440#22 | Lincs | Lincoln, Lincolnshire Archives: DIOC/REG/20, fol. 62v, item 2 | 1464 |
D4530 | Gloucs | Bristol, Bristol RO: 8153/1/lxxi | 1457 |
D4550 | Cnw | Truro, Cornwall RO: AR/4/832 | 1499 |
D4699a | Rutland | Leicester, the RO of Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland: DE3214/1971/1 | 1488 |
D4699b | Rutland | Leicester, the RO of Leicestershire, Leicester and Rutland: DE3214/1971/2 | 1488 |
D5000 | Bucks | Aylesbury, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies: CH1/T/9/4 | 1514 |
D5001 | Bucks | Aylesbury, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies: PR240/3/1 | 1517 |
D5005 | Bucks | Aylesbury, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies: D108/2/2 | 1480 |
D5028#2 | Bucks | Aylesbury, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies: BAS/705/39, dorse | 1506 |
D5031 | Suffolk | Lowestoft, Suffolk RO: HA12/B2/2/5 | 1485 |
D5035 | Suffolk | Lowestoft, Suffolk RO: HA12/B2/17/3 | 1509 |
D5040#6 | Suffolk | Lowestoft, Suffolk Record Office: 116/E1/1, p. 8–9 | 1524 |
D5086 | Berks | Aylesbury, Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies: BAS 49/53 | 1509 |
D6001#1 | Cambs | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Archives: P30/4/1, fol. 2r | 1504 |
D6001#4 | Cambs | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Archives: P30/4/1, fol. 13r | 1525–26 |
D6001#8 | Cambs | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Archives: P30/4/1, fol. 13v | 1518 |
D6006 | Cambs | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Archives: City/PB Box X/80 | 1446 |
D6010 | Cambs | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Archives: City/PB Box X/76 | 1496 |
D6014#1 | Cambs | Oxford, Bodleian Library: Rawlinson C 541, fols 1r–15r (hand A) | 1473 |
D6014#2 | Cambs | Oxford, Bodleian Library: Rawlinson C 541, fols 15v–16r (hand B) | 1504 |
D6018 | Cambs | Cambridge, Cambridgeshire Archives: L1/29 | nd |
D6019 | Cambs | Cambridge, Kinga’s College: GDH/31 | 1478 |
D6025 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: JEC/1 | 1518 |
D6026 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: CAM/91 | 1447 |
D6037 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GDH/31 (1489) | 1489 |
D6040 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: DUN/80 (1522) | 1522 |
D6041 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GRA/255 | 1498 |
D6042 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GRA/257 | 1519 |
D6044 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GRA/589 (#1) | 1518 |
D6057 | Cambs | Cambridge, St John’s College: D24/215 | 1501 |
D6063 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GRA/702 | 1465–66 |
D6067 | Cambs | Cambridge, St John’s College: D19/136 | 1461 |
D6068 | Cambs | Cambridge, St John’s College: D17/115 | 1511 |
D6081 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: KCD/94 | 1513 |
D6082 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GRA/701 | 1465–66 |
D6083 | Cambs | Cambridge, St. John’s College: D25/228 | 1501 |
D6086 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: KCD/0095 | 1513 |
D6088#1 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GRA/264, fol 1r–22v | 1436–37 |
D6088#2 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: GRA/264, fol. 22v | 1436–37 |
D6090 | Cambs | Cambridge, CUL: Luard 128 | 1466 |
D6094 | Cambs | Cambridge, CUL: Luard 145a | 1503 |
D6096 | Cambs | Cambridge, CUL: D.III.7 | 1483 |
D6103 | Cambs | Cambridge, CUL: Luard 145 | 1503 |
D6105 | Cambs | Cambridge, CUL: Collect.Admin.9 pp. 286–300 | 1503 |
D6130 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: CAM/3 | 1465 |
D6137#1 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: CAM/121 | 1447 |
D6140 | Cambs | Cambridge, King’s College: KCA/343 | 1447–66 |
D6141#4 | Cambs | Cambridge, CUL: VCCt.Wills.1, fols 4v–6r | 1503 |
D6141#6 | Cambs | Cambridge, CUL: VCCt.Wills.1, fols 11v–12r | 1504 |
L0064#1 | Cambs | Cambridge, Trinity College 1343 (O.7.15) Hand A, pp. 1–36 | 1431 |
L0064#2 | Cambs | Cambridge, Trinity College 1343 (O.7.15) Hand B, pp. 37–40 | nd |
L0064#3 | Cambs | Cambridge, Trinity College 1343 (O.7.15) Hand C, pp. 41–42 | nd |
L0081 | Lancs | Shrewsbury, Shropshire Archives: 3232/13 | 1418 |
L0084a | Derbys | Sheffield, Sheffield Archives: Bowles Deeds 64 | 1477–78 |
L0084b | Derbys | Sheffield, Sheffield Archives: Bowles Deeds 65 | 1477–78 |
L0090 | Warwicks | Göttingen UL: Cod. MS Jurid. 822/1/8 | 1450 |
L0120 | Wml | Carlisle, Cumbria Archive Centre: D/Stan/26 | 1441 |
L0282 | Cambs | London, PRO SC 8/23/1143 A | 1414 |
L0321 | Lancs | London, British Library: Add. 53080 | 1453–54 |
L0472a | Durham | Durham UL, Dean & Chapter muniments: Locellus 9.11 | 1446–49 |
L0586#1 | Lancs | Oxford, Bodleian Library: Rawlinson B 460 (The Black Book of Clayton), fols 91r.9–91v.14 | nd |
L0586#2 | Lancs | Oxford, Bodleian Library: Rawlinson B 460 (The Black Book of Clayton), fols 91v.15–93v.11 | nd |
L1130#1 | YER | Beverley, Humberside County RO, DDCC/19/I, fols 1v–3r.15 | 1473 |
L1130#2 | YER | Beverley, Humberside County RO, DDCC/19/I, fols 3r.15–4r.19 | 1473 |
L1130#3 | YER | Beverley, Humberside County RO, DDCC/19/I, fols 4r.20–4r.35 | 1473 |
L1130#4 | YER | Beverley, Humberside County RO, DDCC/19/I, fols 4v–6v | 1473 |
L1140 | Staffs | Göttingen UL: Cod. MS Jurid. 822/1/5 | 1446 |
L1141 | Staffs | Göttingen UL: Cod. MS Jurid. 822/1/3 | 1446 |
L1142 | Staffs | Göttingen UL: Cod. MS Jurid. 822/1/7 | 1446 |
L1144 | Cumb | Carlisle, Cumbria Archive Centre: D/Mus/Penrith/Medieval Deeds | nd |
L1196 | Cumb | Carlisle, Cumbria Archive Centre: DMus/Edenhall 2/2/100 | nd |
L1225 | Nhb | Woodhorn, Northumberland Archives: ZSW/02/70 | 1505 |
L1234 | Wml | Kendal, Sizergh Castle: album no 21 of Henry VI | 1430–31 |
L1257 | YER | Beverley, BC/II/2, Corporation Records: Town Cartulary | nd |
L1288 | Wales | Aberystwyth, NLW: Coed Coch 793 recto | 1471 |
L1289 | Wales | Aberystwyth, NLW: Coed Coch 793 verso | nd |
L1363 | Wales | London, British Library: Cotton Cleopatra Fiii, fol. 104r | 1411–12 |